🎓 學習英文English version
IELTS Writing Task 2 攻略：結構、題型與 40 句
IELTS Writing Task 2 要求考生就一個社會議題寫一篇最少 250 字的議論文，建議用大約 40 分鐘完成。Task 2 佔寫作分數的比重約為 Task 1 的兩倍，所以時間應優先留給它。評分準則有四項：Task Response（有否完整回應題目）、Coherence and Cohesion（結構和連貫性）、Lexical Resource（詞彙）和 Grammatical Range and Accuracy（文法），每項大約各佔四分之一。
很多香港考生英文底子不差，卻停留在 Band 6，原因往往不是文法，而是寫法：以 Nowadays 開頭、寫 In my opinion, I think、背誦 Every coin has two sides 一類套語，或者只回答了題目的一半。考官看重的是清晰的立場、有發展的論點和自然準確的用字。
本頁先介紹四段式結構和五種常見題型，再示範把一段典型的學生段落改寫成 Band 7+ 的版本，然後按引言、表達立場、支持論點、舉例、對比、因果、讓步和總結八類，整理 40 句完整例句，題材包括遙距工作、公共交通、大學學費、社交媒體、旅遊業、人口老化、網購和太空探索。頁尾附常見錯誤和正確寫法。
文章結構
- 引言 Introduction兩至三句：先用自己的字改寫題目，交代背景；再用一句清楚表明立場（thesis statement），並可簡單預告兩個主要論點。不要在引言舉例或詳細解釋。
- 主體段落 1 Body 1四至六句：以主題句帶出第一個中心論點，接着解釋原因或影響，再舉一個具體例子，最後用一句把論點連回題目或你的立場。
- 主體段落 2 Body 2四至六句：結構與第一段相同，帶出第二個論點。討論題或優缺點題可在這段寫另一方觀點；如有需要，可加入讓步句，先承認對方觀點再反駁。
- 總結 Conclusion兩至三句：以 In conclusion 或 Overall 開頭，重申立場，概括兩個主要論點。不要加入新論點，也不要只說「有好有壞」。
常見題型
題目通常以 To what extent do you agree or disagree? 結尾。要在引言清楚表明同意、不同意或部分同意，全文都要支持這個立場。例題：「Some people believe that all museums should be free to enter. To what extent do you agree or disagree?」
要公平地討論兩方觀點，各寫一段，最後必須給出自己的意見。很多考生忘記表明立場而失分。例題：「Some people think cities should ban cars from their centres, while others believe this would harm local businesses. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.」
如果題目問 Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?，就要判斷哪一方較重要，不能只列出優缺點。例題：「In some countries, supermarkets are replacing cashiers with self-service machines. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?」
一段分析原因或問題，一段提出具體可行的解決方法，方法最好與前面的原因對應。例題：「In many cities, young adults cannot afford to rent a home of their own. What are the causes of this problem, and what can be done to solve it?」
題目有兩條直接的問題，兩條都要回答，通常每條寫一段。例題：「Many people now spend their holidays in their own country instead of travelling abroad. Why is this? Is it a positive or negative development?」
引言：改寫題目、表明立場
It is often argued that remote work benefits both employees and employers, while others believe it weakens teamwork.
常有人認為遙距工作對僱員和僱主都有好處，但亦有人認為這會削弱團隊合作。
Over the past decade, the number of people buying everyday goods online has risen sharply in many cities.
過去十年，在很多城市，網上購買日用品的人數急升。
This essay will argue that university education should not be completely free, although governments should support students from low-income families.
本文認為大學教育不應完全免費，但政府應該資助低收入家庭的學生。
Whether governments should spend public money on space exploration is a question that divides opinion.
政府應否動用公帑進行太空探索，是一個意見分歧的問題。
I strongly agree that public transport should be made cheaper, for both environmental and economic reasons.
我十分同意應該降低公共交通的收費，原因涉及環境和經濟兩方面。
表達立場
In my view, tourism brings more benefits than problems to local communities.
我認為旅遊業為當地社區帶來的好處多於問題。
I would argue that social media does more harm than good to teenagers' self-esteem.
我認為社交媒體對青少年自尊心的害處多於好處。
From my perspective, an ageing population is less a crisis than a challenge that can be managed.
在我看來，人口老化與其說是危機，不如說是一個可以應對的挑戰。 perspective：詳細解釋 →
It seems to me that working from home suits some jobs far better than others.
在我看來，在家工作對某些工作來說遠比其他工作合適。
I am convinced that cities should invest in cycling lanes rather than building more roads.
我深信城市應該投資興建單車徑，而不是興建更多道路。
支持論點
The main reason for this is that online shoppers can compare prices across dozens of shops in minutes.
主要原因是網上購物的人可以在幾分鐘內比較數十間商店的價格。
Another significant advantage of remote work is that companies can save a great deal on office rent.
遙距工作另一個重要優點是公司可以節省大筆寫字樓租金。 significant：詳細解釋 →
A further point to consider is that cheaper fares would encourage drivers to leave their cars at home.
另一點值得考慮的是，較便宜的車費會鼓勵駕駛者不再開車出行。
One key factor is the high cost of housing, which makes many young couples delay having children.
其中一個關鍵因素是高昂的住屋成本，令很多年輕夫婦延遲生育。 factor：詳細解釋 →
This is particularly relevant in crowded cities such as Hong Kong, where there is little space for new roads.
這一點在香港這類擠迫的城市尤其相關，因為當地幾乎沒有空間興建新道路。 relevant：詳細解釋 →
舉例
For example, Singapore uses electronic road pricing to reduce traffic in its city centre.
例如，新加坡利用電子道路收費減少市中心的交通流量。
A clear example of this is Venice, where large numbers of visitors have pushed up rents for local residents.
威尼斯就是一個明顯的例子，大量遊客令當地居民的租金上升。
For instance, a teenager who compares her life with edited photos online may begin to feel inadequate.
舉例來說，一個把自己的生活與網上修飾過的照片比較的少女，可能會開始覺得自己不夠好。
Everyday technologies, such as satellite navigation and modern weather forecasting, depend on space research.
一些日常科技，例如衛星導航和現代天氣預報，都有賴太空研究。
There is strong evidence that regular contact with friends and family helps older people stay healthy for longer.
有充分證據顯示，經常與親友聯絡有助長者更長時間保持健康。 evidence：詳細解釋 →
對比和轉折
However, online shopping has also led to the closure of many small local shops.
然而，網上購物亦令很多小型社區商店結業。
While some people believe that university should be free for everyone, others argue that students should pay for a degree that will raise their future income.
有人認為大學應該讓所有人免費入讀，但亦有人認為學生應該為一個能提高將來收入的學位付費。
Unlike private cars, buses and trains can carry large numbers of people using relatively little road space.
與私家車不同，巴士和火車可以用相對較少的道路空間運載大量乘客。
Tourism creates jobs for local people; on the other hand, it can damage the very environment that attracts visitors.
旅遊業為當地人創造就業機會；另一方面，它亦可能破壞吸引遊客的自然環境。
In contrast, employees who work from home every day may feel isolated from their colleagues.
相反，每天在家工作的僱員可能會感到與同事疏離。
因果
As a result, many teenagers spend less time sleeping and more time scrolling through their phones.
結果，很多青少年睡眠時間減少，花更多時間瀏覽手機。
Because medical care has improved, people now live considerably longer than they did fifty years ago.
由於醫療水平提升，人們現在比五十年前長壽得多。
This could lead to a shortage of workers, which would put pressure on pension and healthcare systems.
這可能導致勞動力短缺，對退休保障和醫療系統構成壓力。
If fares were reduced, more commuters would be likely to switch from driving to public transport.
如果車費下調，更多通勤人士可能會由開車改為乘搭公共交通。
Consequently, governments need to assess carefully whether the scientific benefits of space missions justify their cost.
因此，政府需要審慎評估太空任務帶來的科學效益是否值得其成本。 assess：詳細解釋 →
讓步：承認對方觀點
Admittedly, remote work can make it harder for new employees to learn from experienced colleagues.
誠然，遙距工作可能令新入職的僱員較難向資深同事學習。
It is true that space exploration is expensive; however, the technology it produces often improves everyday life.
太空探索的確昂貴；然而，它所研發的技術往往能改善日常生活。
Although tourism can put pressure on local services, this problem can be reduced through careful planning.
雖然旅遊業可能對當地公共服務構成壓力，但這個問題可以透過周詳的規劃減輕。
Critics may point out that free university education would be costly for taxpayers, and this is a valid concern.
批評者或會指出，免費大學教育會令納稅人承擔高昂成本，這是合理的憂慮。
Some may interpret the decline of shopping streets as a loss for society, but it could equally be seen as a natural change in how people live.
有人或會把購物街的式微解讀為社會的損失，但這同樣可以視為生活方式的自然轉變。 interpret：詳細解釋 →
總結
In conclusion, I believe that the benefits of remote work outweigh its drawbacks, provided that companies keep some face-to-face contact.
總括而言，我相信只要公司保留一定的面對面接觸，遙距工作的好處多於壞處。
To sum up, both views have some merit, but I would argue that university fees should be kept low rather than abolished.
總結而言，兩種觀點都有道理，但我認為大學學費應維持在低水平，而不是完全取消。
Overall, a combined approach of lower fares and better services is the most effective way to get people out of their cars.
整體而言，結合降低車費和改善服務的方法，是讓人們放棄開車最有效的方式。 approach：詳細解釋 →
On balance, governments should analyse the long-term costs of an ageing population and start planning for them now.
權衡各方面之後，政府應分析人口老化的長遠成本，並從現在開始規劃。 analyse：詳細解釋 →
Ultimately, the question is not whether teenagers should use social media, but how they can be taught to use it wisely.
說到底，問題不在於青少年應否使用社交媒體，而在於如何教導他們明智地使用。
改寫示範 ✨
一段 Task 2 主體段落
Nowadays, more and more people choose to work from home. In my opinion I think it have a lot of advantages for the employees. Firstly, they can save the time for travelling to office, a lot of people in Hong Kong spend over one hour on the MTR everyday, this is very tiring. Also, working at home can let them to spend more time with the family. For example my father work at home two days a week and he can cook dinner for us. So remote work is good for the people's life.
Nowadays, more and more people choose to work Working from home. In my opinion I think it have a lot of advantages for the employees. Firstly, they can save home offers employees several clear benefits. The most obvious is the time for travelling to office, a lot of people saved on commuting: many workers in Hong Kong spend over one an hour each day on crowded trains, which leaves them tired before the MTR everyday, this is very tiring. Also, working at home day has even begun. Without this journey, they can let them start work fresher and still have energy in the evening. Remote work also allows people to spend more time with the family. For example my father work at their families. A parent who works from home two days a week and he week, for example, can cook dinner for us. So remote work is good for or help the people's children with homework. Overall, these changes can noticeably improve employees' quality of life.
- 刪去 Nowadays、more and more 和 In my opinion I think：原文開首三句都是香港考生常見的套語。改寫後直接以主題句開段，清楚說明這段要講甚麼。
- 把一連串逗號句拆開：原文用逗號把三句完整句子連在一起（run-on sentence）。改寫後用冒號和關係子句 which，句子既清楚又有變化，有助 Grammatical Range 的分數。
- 例子要支持論點，而不是講私事：「my father」改為「A parent who works from home」，例子更具代表性；最後一句亦不再重複 good，而是說明對生活質素的具體影響。
本專題的英文單字詳解
常見錯誤
✗ In my opinion, I think remote work is good.
✓ In my opinion, remote work benefits most employees.
In my opinion 和 I think 意思相同，放在一起是重複。選其中一個即可，並把 good 換成更具體的字眼。
✗ Nowadays, more and more people choose to work from home.
✓ Working from home has become far more common since 2020.
Nowadays 和 more and more 是香港考生最常用的開首，考官見得太多，而且內容空泛。可以直接說明趨勢，或用 a growing number of 代替 more and more。
✗ Every coin has two sides. Tourism has advantages and disadvantages.
✓ Tourism brings clear economic benefits, but it can also put pressure on local communities.
Every coin has two sides 一類背誦套語與題目無關，不能顯示詞彙能力。應該直接、具體地說出兩方面是甚麼。
✗ A lot of kids are gonna spend too much time on their phones.
✓ Many children are likely to spend too much time on their phones.
a lot of、kids、gonna 都屬口語，不適合議論文。改用 many、children、are likely to，語氣會更正式。
✗ The online shopping is more convenient than the shopping in the mall.
✓ Online shopping is more convenient than shopping in a mall.
泛指一般概念時，online shopping 前面不用加 the。冠詞錯誤是香港考生最常見的文法問題之一，檢查時要特別留意。
✗ An essay of about 200 words that ends after the second body paragraph.
✓ An essay of 260–300 words with an introduction, two body paragraphs and a conclusion.
少於 250 字通常會被扣分，沒有總結段亦會影響結構分。寫作時要分配好時間，確保四段都完成。
✗ Question: "Why is this happening? Is it positive or negative?" The essay only explains the causes.
✓ Body 1 explains the causes; Body 2 says clearly whether the trend is positive or negative.
題目有兩個問題，就要回答兩個。只答其中一個，Task Response 很難超過 Band 5 或 6。寫作前先在題目上標記每一部分。
✗ This is a controversial issue which has caused a heated debate in the society.
✓ Whether public money should fund space research is a matter of real debate.
這種萬用開首句可以套用在任何題目上，等於沒有內容，而 the society 的冠詞亦用錯了。引言應該用自己的字改寫題目內容。
實用貼士
- 先花五分鐘審題和構思：圈出題目的關鍵字，確定題型和自己的立場，再為兩個主體段落各定一個中心論點。動筆前想清楚，比寫到一半才改方向省時得多。
- 回答題目的每一部分：如果題目問「為甚麼」和「這是好是壞」，兩個問題都要回答。只答一半，Task Response 的分數會受影響。
- 立場要清楚、前後一致：引言表明立場，主體段落支持它，總結重申它。不要在引言說同意，到結論又說「有好有壞」。
- 每段一個中心論點，再加以發展：主題句之後要解釋原因、說明影響，再舉一個具體例子。三個未經發展的論點，不如一個講清楚的論點。
- 改寫題目，不要照抄：引言要用自己的字改寫題目，例如把 work from home 改為 remote work。照抄的字不會為詞彙加分。
- 留兩三分鐘檢查：重點檢查主謂一致、冠詞（a、an、the）、單複數和時態，這些是香港考生最常見的失分位。
常見問題
Task 2 一定要寫 250 字以上嗎？
是。少於 250 字通常會在 Task Response 被扣分。建議寫 260 至 300 字左右：太短容易論點發展不足，太長則難以在 40 分鐘內寫完和檢查，字數多本身也不會加分。
可以用 I 和 In my opinion 嗎？
可以，Task 2 本身就要求考生表達意見，題目往往直接問 do you agree 或 give your own opinion。只是不要寫 In my opinion, I think，兩者意思重複，選其中一個即可。也可以改用 I would argue that 或 I strongly believe that。
背範文和套句有用嗎？
背 Every coin has two sides、With the development of society 一類與題目無關的套語，考官一眼就看得出，不但不加分，還會令文章顯得空洞。較好的做法是熟習一些靈活的句式，例如本頁的例句，再按題目內容調整。
主體段落要寫兩段還是三段？
兩段通常已經足夠。在 40 分鐘和約 280 字的限制下，兩個發展充分的段落，比三個寫得倉促的段落更容易取得高分。討論題（discuss both views）可以一段寫一方觀點；優缺點題可以一段寫優點、一段寫缺點。
要用很深的字才能拿 Band 7 嗎？
不需要。Lexical Resource 看的是用字是否準確、自然和有變化，而不是字有多深。用錯一個艱深的字，不如用對一個普通的字。學會自然的搭配，例如 raise awareness、pose a risk、a growing number of，效果更好。
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